Informal and formal open activities: Innovation protection methods as antecedents and innovation outputs as consequences

Firms’ open strategies are tied to their innovation protection mechanisms. Extant theoretical and empirical research provides valuable insights, which generally conclude that stronger intellectual property is likely be associated with increased openness. However, current still has a limited understanding of the relationship between choice mechanisms mode We propose firms adopt different modes activities when they choose corresponding effective further investigate how these affect output whether impact on contingent types. The results from 1,202 in IRC Open Innovation Survey show pursue formal incorporate legal methods protect innovation. In contrast, informal strategic find favor incremental innovation, while radical one.